The post-pandemic resurgence of inflation has renewed attention on its persistence and the role of central banks in maintaining credibility. Conventional explanations emphasize fiscal discipline, exchange rate regimes, or inflation targeting. However, these factors do not fully explain why some countries return rapidly to price stability while others experience prolonged inflationary episodes. We argue that central bank transparency—the clarity of communication regarding objectives, policy decisions, and macroeconomic forecasts—is a key determinant of inflation persistence.

(Washington, DC) – On 14 October 2025, the Regional Financing Arrangements (RFAs) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) marked a significant milestone with the convening of their 10th Annual High-Level Dialogue. Over the past decade, cooperation between the RFAs and the IMF has deepened institutional ties, fostering stronger coordination between these two layers of the Global Financial Safety Net (GFSN).

Direct Investment (DI) in Paraguay has been influenced by various economic and structural factors over the past decades. From the economic boom of the 1970s, driven by major infrastructure projects and active investment incentives, to the liberalizing reforms of the 1990s and sectoral diversification in the twenty-first century, the development of DI has been shaped by a mix of internal and external factors.

This paper examines the transmission of U.S. monetary policy shocks to bank lending in 12 Latin American countries between 2000 and 2020. Using data from 118 banks, we find evidence of an international bank lending channel, even in countries with low direct exposure to U.S. banks.

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) face a complex global landscape characterized by geopolitical shifts, trade fragmentation, and heightened uncertainty. Within this environment, the growing trend of nearshoring—the relocation of production activities closer to consumer markets—emerges as a potential source of economic dynamism.

We are pleased to share a new publication in the academic journal Research in International Business and Finance, featuring the study: “US uncertainty shocks, credit, production, and prices: The case of fourteen Latin American countries,” authored by Carlos Giraldo, Iader Giraldo-Salazar, Jose E. Gomez-Gonzalez, and Jorge M. Uribe.

We are pleased to share a new publication in the academic journal International Journal of Bank Marketing. This time, it features the research titled “The adoption of fast payment systems (FPS) in Latin America: the role of financial literacy and cash-related beliefs”, authored by Carlos Giraldo, Iader Giraldo, Mauricio Losada-Otálora, and Nathalie Peña-García.

This blog post shares the story behind our recent working paper on how Colombia’s unique Gross Leverage Position in foreign exchange derivatives helped prevent a housing bubble from bursting and what emerging economies can learn from it.

Housing prices are among the most crucial determinants of a country’s financial and macroeconomic stability. As a key macroeconomic indicator, they significantly influence both consumption and investment, shaping economic and financial cycles. Given that housing represents a substantial share of household wealth, price fluctuations have far-reaching effects on consumption, savings, and labor market decisions.

In the first quarter of 2025, economic conditions in the United States reflect a labor market showing mixed signals, alongside persistent inflationary pressures. This context may limit the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) room to cut its policy rate, suggesting a scenario of higher international interest rates for a prolonged period.

The global economy is undergoing a reconfiguration process that is characterized by growing geoeconomic fragmentation, which is defined as the tendency for trade, investment, and global value chains to divide into geopolitically aligned blocs.